Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative rod that is commonly associated with respiratory infections, urinary tract infections, and wound infections.
Respiratory infections: Klebsiella pneumoniae causes severe pneumonia, particularly in people with alcoholism, diabetes, or compromised lung function. It accounts for a notable share of community-acquired and nosocomial pneumonias (approximately 3–5% of CAP in Western countries, higher in developing regions) and is included because of its association with high-mortality pneumonia and outbreaks in hospitals (Kumar & Zhang 2024, Ashurst & Dawson 2023).
Urinary tract infections: Klebsiella pneumoniae is a major cause of both uncomplicated and complicated UTIs, particularly in hospital settings. It produces various virulence factors such as capsules, adhesins, and siderophores, and it is a common carrier of multidrug resistance mechanisms including extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)s and carbapenemase. Its clinical significance makes it an essential target in any UTI molecular panel (Paczosa & Mecsas 2016, Timm et al. 2025).
Wound infections: Klebsiella pneumoniae is a significant pathogen in wound infections and surgical sites, particularly in hospitalized patients. It is known for its thick capsule, which enhances virulence, and its frequent multidrug resistance, including carbapenem-resistant strains. Infected wounds with K. pneumoniae can result in delayed healing and serious complications. Its detection is vital for infection control and targeted treatment (Podschun & Ullman, 1998, CDC 2019).
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