NAD+ and NADH form a critical redox couple, central to controlling energy metabolism. NAD+ gains a charged hydrogen molecule (H+) and two electrons to convert to NADH, while NADH, serving as a donor of H+ and electrons, is converted back to NAD+.4 This NAD+-NADH cycling is essential for the continuous flow of H+ and electrons in the cytosol and mitochondria, contributing to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation through the electron transport chain. Reference: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11233901/
