HCoV-NL63 commonly infects children and can cause croup (laryngotracheitis) or bronchiolitis, as well as pneumonia in susceptible hosts. It is clinically important because it often presents as severe respiratory illness in young children or the immunocompromised (Gaunt et al. 2010, Sung et al. 2010, Jo et al. 2022).
Gaunt, E. R., Hardie, A., Claas, E. C., Simmonds, P., & Templeton, K. E. (2010). Epidemiology and clinical presentations of the four human coronaviruses 229E, HKU1, NL63, and OC43 detected over 3 years using a novel multiplex real-time PCR method. Journal of clinical microbiology, 48(8), 2940–2947.
Sung, J. Y., Lee, H. J., Eun, B. W., Kim, S. H., Lee, S. Y., Lee, J. Y., Park, K. U., & Choi, E. H. (2010). Role of human coronavirus NL63 in hospitalized children with croup. The Pediatric infectious disease journal, 29(9), 822–826.
Jo, K. J., Choi, S. H., Oh, C. E., Kim, H., Choi, B. S., Jo, D. S., & Park, S. E. (2022). Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics of Human Coronaviruses-Associated Infections in Children: A Multi-Center Study. Frontiers in pediatrics, 10, 877759.
